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2. 完成句子 – 考查考生掌握短文细节内容的能力：要求考生根据原文内容选择相应的选项填写在所给的句子空格中，完成句子。 II. 解题步骤与规律1. 概括大意1） 先看题目（不看选项），了解考查段落，有选择地阅读文章，逐段逐题完成。 2） 抓主题句。各段落的主题句通常位于第一句、第二句或最后一句，如果主题句与选项对应，则该选项就是该段落的大意所在。这是因为，正确答案通常也从主题句改写而来的。如： Bad design is largely to blame, says Sanchez. In a separate survey of CD players last year, her colleague Wolfgang Huber found that two machines with similar features used 28 watts and 2 watts respectively on stand-by. “For most products, we believe that stand-by power can be reduced to one watt or less,” says Sanchez. A. Factor Leading to Energy WasteB. Home Appliances C. Proposals to Cut Energy Consumption D. Energy Consumption Test E. Terawatt Hours F. Nonessential Electricity Use 3） 当段落中没有主题句时，应找出该段落的重点词语或句子加以反复阅读。重点词语通常为：反复出现的词语、括/引号里的词语、黑/斜体词语。 4） 对未敢一次肯定的选项可先做记号，以备做下一题时参考。 5） 注意问题： A. 问句、举例、细节一般不会是主题句，因此也不会是正确选项。 B. 主题句为复合句时，重点应放在表示转折的主句（也就是中文中的“但是”、“而且”部分）或作宾语的从句上。如： Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. A. Old people learn more slowly that young people B. Difference due to frequencies of intellectual activities2. 完成句子1） 段落定位 -- 理解题目意思，抓住题目中的关键词语，根据概括大意时对文章的了解情况确定题目所在段落。 Although older people in general learn somewhat more slowly than they did when younger, a dramatic difference exists between those who stay intellectually active and those who do not. Giving the brain a daily workout is just as important as exercising your muscles. Brainwork keeps your learning strategies in shape, and this helps your memory to function at full capacity. 题目：To keep memory functioning fully, it is important for old people to ________. A. give the brain daily work B. Long-term education C. learning, retention and recall 2） 对应句子 -- 仔细阅读相关段落，找出与题目意思或关键词语相对应的句子，确定正确答案。 3） 题段顺序 – 题目的顺序通常与原文顺序基本一致，因此第二题的答案通常也应在第一题答案之后。 4） 时效结合 – 当一时无法找到某题相应原文时，应及时转做下一题。在完成下题后，再根据题段顺序原则确定前一题位置。 5） 注意问题： a. 所填答案必须符合语法。如： This not to say that memory doesn’t change throughout life. Researchers divide memory into categories based on the length of time when memories are stored. One system divides it up as short-term （less than one minute; remembering a telephone number while you dial, for instance）, long-term （over a period of years） and very long-term memory （over a lifetime）. 题目：A ten-year memory belongs to ________. 选项： A. in the categories of long-term memory B. the class of long-term memoryC. change throughout life b. 注意顺序 III. 解题实例THE NATURE OF DISPUTESTo resolve a dispute means to turn opposing positions into a single outcome. The two parties may choose to focus their attention on one or more of three basic factors. They may seek to （1） reconcile their interests, （2） determine who is right, and/or （3） determine who is more powerful. 1. Interests are needs, desires, concerns, fears -- the things one cares about or wants. They provide the foundation for a person's or an organization's position in a dispute. In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict. For example, the director of sales for an electronics company gets into a dispute with the director of manufacturing over the number of TV models to produce. The director of sales wants to produce more models because her interest is in selling TV sets; more models mean more choice for consumers and hence increased sales. The director of manufacturing, however, wants to produce fewer models. His interest is in decreasing manufacturing costs and more models mean higher costs. 2. Reconciling such interests is not easy. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions, and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation, the act of communication intended to reach agreement. Another interests-based procedure is mediation, in which a third party assists the disputants, the two sides in the dispute, in reaching agreement. 3. By no means do all negotiations（or mediations）focus on reconciling interests. Some negotiations focus on determining who is right, such as when two lawyers argue about whose case has the greater merit. Other negotiations focus on determining who is more powerful, such as when quarrelling neighbors or nations exchange threats and counter threats. Often negotiations involve a mix of all three -- some attempts to satisfy interests, some discussion of rights, and some references to relative power. 4. It is often complicated to attempt to determine who is right in a dispute. Although it is usually straightforward where rights are formalized in law, other rights take the form of unwritten but socially accepted standards of behavior, such as reciprocity, precedent, equality, and seniority. There are often different and sometimes contradictory standards that apply to rights. Reaching agreement on rights, where the outcome will determine who gets what, can often be so difficult that the parties frequently turn to a third party to determine who is right. The most typical rights procedure is adjudication, in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decision that must be followed by both disputants. （In mediation, by contrast, the third party does not have the power to decide the dispute.） Public adjudication is provided by courts and administrative agencies. Private adjudication is provided by arbitrators. 5. A third way to resolve a dispute is on the basis of power. We define power, somewhat narrowly, as the ability to pressure someone to do something he would not otherwise do. Exercising power typically means imposing costs on the other side or threatening to do so. The exercise of power takes two common forms: acts of aggression, such as physical attack, and withholding the benefits that derive from a relationship, as when employees stop working in a strike.
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