1. 替换原则
1）词性的替换
a）名词和动词的替换
e.g. According to the accommodation rules, _________ can't be changed.
原文:You must remember that no changes can be made to the meal time.
b）名词和形容词的替换
e.g. _________ is a necessity.
原文:It's necessary to protect the environment.
2）数字的替换
e.g. Most bottle makers use about __% recycled glass.
原文为Er, the bottles made in most places contain about three-quarters new glass and the rest is recycled.
还有: a quarter=1/4=25%
In the 1900s=in the 20th century
Score=20 Dozen=12 Decade=10
3语态的替换
e.g.___________________ provides work for 30 million people
原文: 30 million people earn a living by growing coffee.
4）同义词和词组的替换
e.g. The pressure on the coastal zone resulted from________……
原文: The population shift contributed a lot to the pressure on the coastal zone.
其它如fee-charge; permit-allow; : scientist -researcher; disadvantage-downside; sign-indication